Combine Multiple If...

Introduction:

Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:
- Equals: a == b
- Not Equals: a != b
- Less than: a < b
- Less than or equal to: a <= b
- Greater than: a > b
- Greater than or equal to: a >= b

Combining Multiple Conditions:

In Python, you can combine multiple conditions in an if statement using logical operators such as and, or, and not.

Using and:

The and operator returns True if both conditions it connects are true. If either condition is false, it returns False.
python
```
if condition1 and condition2:
    # code to execute if both condition1 and condition2 are True
```

Using or:

The or operator returns True if at least one of the conditions it connects is true. If both conditions are false, it returns False.
python
```
if condition1 or condition2:
    # code to execute if either condition1 or condition2 is True
```

Using not:

The not operator negates the boolean value of the condition. It returns True if the condition is false, and False if the condition is true.
python
```
if not condition:
    # code to execute if condition is False
```

Example:

Here's an example combining multiple conditions using these operators:

python

x = 5
y = 10

if x == 5 and y == 10:
    print("Both x is 5 and y is 10")

if x == 5 or y == 5:
    print("Either x is 5 or y is 5")

if not (x == 10):
    print("x is not equal to 10")

Output:

Both x is 5 and y is 10
Either x is 5 or y is 5
x is not equal to 10

In this code:
- The first if statement will print "Both x is 5 and y is 10" because both x == 5 and y == 10 are true.
- The second if statement will print "Either x is 5 or y is 5" because x == 5 is true, even though y == 5 is false.
- The third if statement will print "x is not equal to 10" because x is not equal to 10.

Exercises:

Using and Operator:

Write a program to check if a number is between 1 and 10 and is even.

python

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if number > 1 and number < 10 and number % 2 == 0:
    print("The number is between 1 and 10 and is even.")
else:
    print("The number is either not between 1 and 10 or it is not even.")

Using or Operator:

Write a program to check if a number is either less than 5 or greater than 15.

python

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if number < 5 or number > 15:
    print("The number is either less than 5 or greater than 15.")
else:
    print("The number is between 5 and 15.")

Using not Operator:

Write a program to check if a user-provided string is not empty.

python

user_string = input("Enter a string: ")

if not user_string:
    print("The string is empty.")
else:
    print("The string is not empty.")

Summary:

Combining multiple conditions in an if-statement using and, or, and not allows for more complex and powerful conditional logic. Practice using these logical operators to become proficient in writing advanced if-statements in Python